What methodology helps pilots determine their position relative to visual landmarks?

The correct choice is based on the process known as pilotage, which involves navigating by visual reference to landmarks. This technique is commonly used in visual flight rules (VFR) flying, where pilots use identifiable ground features such as roads, rivers, and buildings to ascertain their position. By observing these landmarks on a map or chart and correlating them with what is seen outside the cockpit, pilots can maintain their course and determine their location effectively.

In contrast, the other methods mentioned serve different purposes. Charts, while essential for providing information about airspace, navigation routes, and other pertinent data, do not directly help pilots determine their position relative to visual landmarks. Dead reckoning is a navigation method that calculates position based solely on time, speed, and distance traveled from a known location, not relying on visual cues. Air Traffic Control provides instructions and guidance for aircraft in the airspace but does not assist pilots in locating themselves relative to ground features. Thus, pilotage is specifically tailored to using visual landmarks for navigation.