What does the term "MDA" indicate in a non-precision approach?

The term "MDA" in a non-precision approach stands for Minimum Descent Altitude. This is a crucial element in aviation procedures, particularly during approaches that lack precise lateral and vertical guidance, such as those used in instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions.

MDA represents the lowest altitude to which an aircraft can descend during a non-precision approach, provided that certain visual references are not available. Below the MDA, a pilot must either have the necessary visual references to land or must execute a missed approach. This altitude is intended to ensure the aircraft remains clear of obstacles while providing a level of safety during the descent.

Understanding MDA is essential for pilots as it affects decisions made during approach and landing, particularly in low visibility scenarios. The term ensures that pilots follow the correct altitude protocols to maintain safety and comply with aviation regulations.